{"id":18832,"date":"2020-09-12T11:04:08","date_gmt":"2020-09-12T11:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xatakaciencia.com\/salud\/no-importa-idioma-que-hables-haces-alto-probable-que-contagies-a-demas-que-tosiendo-estornudando"},"modified":"2020-09-12T11:04:08","modified_gmt":"2020-09-12T11:04:08","slug":"no-importa-el-idioma-que-hables-si-lo-haces-mas-alto-es-mas-probable-que-contagies-a-los-demas-que-tosiendo-o-estornudando","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/no-importa-el-idioma-que-hables-si-lo-haces-mas-alto-es-mas-probable-que-contagies-a-los-demas-que-tosiendo-o-estornudando\/","title":{"rendered":"It doesn&#039;t matter what language you speak: if you speak louder, you are more likely to infect others than by coughing or sneezing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/a50b22\/person-802488_640\/1024_2000.jpg\" alt=\"No importa el idioma que hables: si lo haces m\u00e1s alto, es m\u00e1s probable que contagies a los dem\u00e1s que tosiendo o estornudando\">\n    <\/p>\n<p>As revealed <a href=\"https:\/\/languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu\/nll\/?p=48427&#038;fbclid=IwAR1yfslZuAHX2a19Pdc3pdI_T9X0WlPAEpPtqoy6WbFXJw7APIc87wkz4t4\">A study<\/a> published in <em>Nature<\/em>, la transmisi\u00f3n de agentes infecciosos por el aire depende m\u00e1s de lo alto que hablemos que de las toses o estornudos. <strong>The effect is independent of language<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 1 --><\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores analizaron la transmisi\u00f3n en cuatro idiomas: ingl\u00e9s, espa\u00f1ol, mandar\u00edn y \u00e1rabe.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Speech superspreaders<\/h2>\n<p>Las hip\u00f3tesis <strong>sobre la transmisi\u00f3n de enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por el aire<\/strong> have traditionally emphasized the role of coughs and sneezes, which are expiratory events that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\">producen gotas f\u00e1cilmente visibles<\/a> y grandes cantidades de part\u00edculas demasiado peque\u00f1as para verlas a simple vista. <\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 2 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-asset article-asset-normal article-asset-center\">\n<div class=\"desvio-container\">\n<div class=\"desvio\">\n<div class=\"desvio-figure js-desvio-figure\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/vez-surge-debate-covid-19-se-transmite-aire-esto-todo-que-sabemos-ahora\"  ><br \/>\n     <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Una&#x20;vez&#x20;m&#x00E1;s&#x20;surge&#x20;el&#x20;debate&#x20;sobre&#x20;si&#x20;la&#x20;COVID-19&#x20;se&#x20;transmite&#x20;por&#x20;el&#x20;aire&#x3A;&#x20;esto&#x20;es&#x20;todo&#x20;lo&#x20;que&#x20;sabemos&#x20;hasta&#x20;ahora\" src=\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/b00481\/estornudo\/375_142.jpg\"><br \/>\n    <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<div class=\"desvio-summary\">\n<div class=\"desvio-taxonomy js-desvio-taxonomy\">\n     <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/vez-surge-debate-covid-19-se-transmite-aire-esto-todo-que-sabemos-ahora\" class=\"desvio-taxonomy-anchor m-crosspost\" >In Xataka<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/vez-surge-debate-covid-19-se-transmite-aire-esto-todo-que-sabemos-ahora\" class=\"desvio-title js-desvio-title\" >Una vez m\u00e1s surge el debate sobre si la COVID-19 se transmite por el aire: esto es todo lo que sabemos hasta ahora<\/a>\n   <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>No obstante, se sabe desde hace mucho tiempo que el habla normal tambi\u00e9n produce grandes cantidades de part\u00edculas que son demasiado peque\u00f1as para verlas a simple vista, pero lo suficientemente grandes como para transportar una variedad de pat\u00f3genos respiratorios transmisibles. <\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 3 --><\/p>\n<p>En el estudio citado se muestra, as\u00ed, que la tasa de emisi\u00f3n de part\u00edculas durante el habla humana normal <strong>is positively correlated with volume<\/strong> (amplitud) de la vocalizaci\u00f3n, que var\u00eda de aproximadamente 1 a 50 part\u00edculas por segundo (0.06 a 3 part\u00edculas por cm3) para amplitudes bajas a altas, independientemente de el idioma hablado (ingl\u00e9s, espa\u00f1ol, mandar\u00edn o \u00e1rabe). Al respirar, est\u00e1s emitiendo part\u00edculas de tu saliva o del fluido respiratorio, de la tr\u00e1quea y de los pulmones. Si hablas, emites 10 veces m\u00e1s. Si gritas o cantas, 50 veces m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 4 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-asset article-asset-normal article-asset-center\">\n<div class=\"desvio-container\">\n<div class=\"desvio\">\n<div class=\"desvio-figure js-desvio-figure\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\"  ><br \/>\n     <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"239&#x20;cient&#x00ED;ficos&#x20;dicen&#x20;que&#x20;el&#x20;coronavirus&#x20;se&#x20;transporta&#x20;por&#x20;el&#x20;aire&#x3B;&#x20;la&#x20;OMS,&#x20;que&#x20;a&#x00FA;n&#x20;no&#x20;est&#x00E1;&#x20;claro&#x3A;&#x20;ambos&#x20;est&#x00E1;n&#x20;esencialmente&#x20;de&#x20;acuerdo\" src=\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/f69331\/max-bender-olxfar5j3we-unsplash\/375_142.jpg\"><br \/>\n    <\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<div class=\"desvio-summary\">\n<div class=\"desvio-taxonomy js-desvio-taxonomy\">\n     <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\" class=\"desvio-taxonomy-anchor m-crosspost\" >In Xataka<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\" class=\"desvio-title js-desvio-title\" >239 cient\u00edficos dicen que el coronavirus se transporta por el aire; la OMS, que a\u00fan no est\u00e1 claro: ambos est\u00e1n esencialmente de acuerdo<\/a>\n   <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, una peque\u00f1a fracci\u00f3n de individuos se comporta como &#8216;superemisores del habla&#8217;, liberando consistentemente un orden de magnitud m\u00e1s de part\u00edculas que sus semejantes. <\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 5 --><\/p>\n<p>Esto no solo puede explicarse por las estructuras f\u00f3nicas ni por la amplitud del habla, <strong>as\u00ed que los resultados tambi\u00e9n sugieren que otros factores fisiol\u00f3gicos desconocidos<\/strong>, que var\u00edan dr\u00e1sticamente entre individuos, podr\u00edan afectar la probabilidad de transmisi\u00f3n de enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias y tambi\u00e9n ayudar\u00edan a explicar la existencia de superpropagadores que son desproporcionadamente responsables de los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por el aire.<\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 6 --><script>\n (function() {\n  window._JS_MODULES = window._JS_MODULES || {};\n  var headElement = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];\n  if (_JS_MODULES.instagram) {\n   var instagramScript = document.createElement('script');\n   instagramScript.src = 'https:\/\/platform.instagram.com\/en_US\/embeds.js';\n   instagramScript.async = true;\n   instagramScript.defer = true;\n   headElement.appendChild(instagramScript);\n  }\n })();\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p> &#8211; <br \/> The news<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xatakaciencia.com\/salud\/no-importa-idioma-que-hables-haces-alto-probable-que-contagies-a-demas-que-tosiendo-estornudando?utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=feed&#038;utm_campaign=12_Sep_2020\"><br \/>\n       <em> It doesn&#039;t matter what language you speak: if you speak louder, you are more likely to infect others than by coughing or sneezing <\/em><br \/>\n      <\/a><br \/>\n      was originally published in<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xatakaciencia.com\/?utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=feed&#038;utm_campaign=12_Sep_2020\"><br \/>\n       <strong> Xataka Science <\/strong><br \/>\n      <\/a><br \/>\n            by <a\n       href=\"https:\/\/www.xatakaciencia.com\/autor\/sergio-parra?utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=feed&#038;utm_campaign=12_Sep_2020\"><br \/>\n       Sergio Parra<br \/>\n      <\/a><br \/>\n      . <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~r\/xatakaciencia\/~4\/BCF6wt8GTpw\" height=\"1\" width=\"1\" alt=\"\"\/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/a50b22\/person-802488_640\/1024_2000.jpg\" alt=\"No importa el idioma que hables: si lo haces m&aacute;s alto, es m&aacute;s probable que contagies a los dem&aacute;s que tosiendo o estornudando\"><\/p>\n<p>As revealed <a href=\"https:\/\/languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu\/nll\/?p=48427&amp;fbclid=IwAR1yfslZuAHX2a19Pdc3pdI_T9X0WlPAEpPtqoy6WbFXJw7APIc87wkz4t4\">A study<\/a> published in <em>Nature<\/em>, the transmission of infectious agents through the air depends more on how loudly we speak than on coughs or sneezes. <strong>The effect is independent of language<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 1 --><\/p>\n<p>The researchers analyzed the broadcast in four languages: English, Spanish, Mandarin and Arabic.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Speech superspreaders<\/h2>\n<p>The hypotheses <strong>on the transmission of airborne infectious diseases<\/strong> have traditionally emphasized the role of coughs and sneezes, which are expiratory events that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\">produce easily visible droplets<\/a> and large quantities of particles too small to see with the naked eye. <\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 2 --><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/vez-surge-debate-covid-19-se-transmite-aire-esto-todo-que-sabemos-ahora\" target='\"_blank\"' rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n     <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Una vez m&aacute;s surge el debate sobre si la COVID-19 se transmite por el aire: esto es todo lo que sabemos hasta ahora\" src=\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/b00481\/estornudo\/375_142.jpg\"><\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n     <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/vez-surge-debate-covid-19-se-transmite-aire-esto-todo-que-sabemos-ahora\" target='\"_blank\"' rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In Xataka<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/vez-surge-debate-covid-19-se-transmite-aire-esto-todo-que-sabemos-ahora\" target='\"_blank\"' rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Once again the debate arises over whether COVID-19 is transmitted through the air: this is all we know so far<\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>However, it has long been known that normal speech also produces large quantities of particles that are too small to see with the naked eye, but large enough to carry a variety of transmissible respiratory pathogens. <\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 3 --><\/p>\n<p>The aforementioned study thus shows that the rate of particle emission during normal human speech <strong>is positively correlated with volume<\/strong> (amplitude) of vocalization, which varies from approximately 1 to 50 particles per second (0.06 to 3 particles per cm3) for low to high amplitudes, regardless of the language spoken (English, Spanish, Mandarin or Arabic). When you breathe, you are emitting particles from your saliva or respiratory fluid, from the trachea and from the lungs. If you talk, you emit 10 times more. If you scream or sing, 50 times more.<\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 4 --><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\" target='\"_blank\"' rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n     <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"239 cient&iacute;ficos dicen que el coronavirus se transporta por el aire; la OMS, que a&uacute;n no est&aacute; claro: ambos est&aacute;n esencialmente de acuerdo\" src=\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/f69331\/max-bender-olxfar5j3we-unsplash\/375_142.jpg\"><\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n     <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\" target='\"_blank\"' rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In Xataka<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xataka.com\/medicina-y-salud\/239-cientificos-dicen-que-coronavirus-se-transporta-aire-oms-que-no-esta-claro-ambos-estan-esencialmente-acuerdo\" target='\"_blank\"' rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">239 scientists say coronavirus is airborne; the WHO, which is still unclear: both are essentially in agreement<\/a>\n   <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Furthermore, a small fraction of individuals behave as &#039;super-speech emitters&#039;, consistently releasing an order of magnitude more particles than their peers. <\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 5 --><\/p>\n<p>This can not only be explained by the phonic structures or the amplitude of speech, <strong>so the results also suggest that other unknown physiological factors<\/strong>, which vary dramatically between individuals, could affect the probability of transmission of respiratory infectious diseases and would also help explain the existence of superspreaders that are disproportionately responsible for outbreaks of airborne infectious diseases.<\/p>\n<p><!-- BREAK 6 --><\/p>\n<p> &#8211; <br \/> The news<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xatakaciencia.com\/salud\/no-importa-idioma-que-hables-haces-alto-probable-que-contagies-a-demas-que-tosiendo-estornudando?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=12_Sep_2020\"><br \/>\n       <em> It doesn&#039;t matter what language you speak: if you speak louder, you are more likely to infect others than by coughing or sneezing <\/em><br \/>\n      <\/a><br \/>\n      was originally published in<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xatakaciencia.com\/?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=12_Sep_2020\"><br \/>\n       <strong> Xataka Science <\/strong><br \/>\n      <\/a><br \/>\n            by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xatakaciencia.com\/autor\/sergio-parra?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=12_Sep_2020\"><br \/>\n       Sergio Parra<br \/>\n      <\/a><br \/>\n      . <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~r\/xatakaciencia\/~4\/BCF6wt8GTpw\" height=\"1\" width=\"1\" alt=\"\"><\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[125],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-18832","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-portal-3"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18832"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19147,"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18832\/revisions\/19147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forocilac.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}