![\"Es](\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/032e0c\/artificial-intelligence-4736369_640\/1024_2000.jpg\")
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Should we force an intelligence to always tell the truth?<\/strong> The answer to this question is much trickier than it seems. Firstly, because human interactions are not based on truth (at least not all the time), and secondly because it would perhaps be inefficient.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n This is what a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has tried to analyze, which has carried out A study<\/a> that analyzes situations of negotiation involving conversational AI<\/strong>. <\/p>\n <\/p>\n According to the CMU study<\/a>:<\/p>\n One might think that conversational AI should be regulated to never utter false statements (or lie) to humans. But the ethics of lying in negotiation are more complicated than it seems. Lying in negotiation is not necessarily immoral or illegal in some circumstances, and such permissible lies play an essential economic role in an efficient negotiation, benefiting both parties.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Thanks to AI we now know that there are 16 universal facial expressions<\/a>\n <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n The researchers use the example of a second-hand car dealer and an average consumer negotiating, where there are some lies or half-truths but where there is no intention to break the implicit trust between these two people. Both interpret the other's 'offers' as tests, not as ultimatums, because the negotiation implies an implicit indication of acceptable dishonesty<\/strong>:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The 12 scenarios in which we could live if Artificial Intelligence surpasses humans<\/a>\n <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n Now let's imagine that the dealer is an artificial intelligence, and that it can never lie. The haggling probably did not take place or was expressed in a very different way. All in all, haggling is seen differently from one culture to another, it is more or less accepted, it is more or less virtuous on an ethical level. That is to say, that AI should adapt to each culture<\/strong>. <\/p>\n <\/p>\n But it seems clear that an AI that does not lie would be, in addition to being culturally acceptable or unacceptable, an impractical form of interaction: an always honest AI could be the scapegoat of humans who discover how to exploit that honesty. If a customer is trading like a human and the machine does not interact accordingly, Cultural differences could ruin the negotiation<\/strong>. <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Deception (and self-deception) as a way to increase intelligence <\/a>\n <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n Deception is a complex skill that requires formulating hypotheses about the other agent's beliefs and is learned relatively late in childhood development. But it is necessary, from the use of white lies, to the omission of certain information: Every conversation is an inseparable mixture of information and meta-information<\/strong>\u2026which also probably made our brains grow extraordinarily. <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Intelligence, in the opinion of more and more evolutionists, emerges from a Machiavellian war of manipulation and resistance to manipulation, according to the words<\/a> from researchers William R. Rice and Brett Holland, from the University of California:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n It is possible that the phenomenon we refer to as intelligence is a byproduct of intergenomic conflict between genes involved in offense and defense in the context of language.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\nLies and half truths<\/h2>\n
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\n ![\"Gracias a la IA ahora sabemos que hay 16 expresiones faciales universales\"](\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/707714\/court_jester_stockholm\/375_142.jpg\")
\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n\n In Xataka Science<\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n ![\"Los 12 escenarios en los que podríamos vivir si la Inteligencia Artificial supera a los humanos\"](\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/c9575a\/robot-2301646_1280\/375_142.jpg\")
\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n\n In Xataka Science<\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
\n ![\"El engaño (y el autoengaño) como forma de incrementar la inteligencia \"](\"https:\/\/i.blogs.es\/671329\/face-386626_640\/375_142.jpg\")
\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n\n In Xataka Science<\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n
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