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A new study suggests that the risk of passengers being exposed to the virus from an infected person on the plane could be reduced by between a 23% and a 57% if the middle seats are empty, compared to a full flight.

No masks

Researchers from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Kansas State University have estimated the distance that airborne virus particles travel inside a plane. To do this, they used aerosol-emitting mannequins to measure the flow of virus particles through mock-ups of airplane cabins.

In Xataka Science

Coronavirus RNA can persist for up to a month in room dust

However, the study did not take into account the use of masks because it was based on a previous study conducted in 2017, before the pandemic.

It also did not consider whether passengers are vaccinated against COVID-19. The CDC says vaccinated people can travel with low risk to themselves, although the agency still recommends against traveling unless it is for essential activities.

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The news

Leaving middle seats empty on a plane could give passengers more protection against coronavirus

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

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In this article we are going to comment on the five most venomous land snakes in the world taking into account both the toxicity of its venom and the danger of each species, so, lovers and fearers of these animals, this post is for you.

First, a little general information about snakes: they are legless reptiles, some of which have poisonous bites that they use to kill their prey before ingesting them.

All snakes are carnivorous and feed on small animals, birds, insects, and even other snakes in certain species.

Despite having a bad reputation, snakes do not usually attack humans. Most do so after being previously attacked or hurt. If you watch where you step and make enough noise, the animal will move out of your way instead of waiting for you to step on it.

Well, below we will tell you the 5 most poisonous snakes in the world:

5. Daboia russelii (Vipera Russellii)

Better known as Russell Viper, is found in Asia throughout the Indian subcontinent, most of Southeast Asia, southern China, and Taiwan. Despite being in fifth position, it is the viper that produces the highest number of serious and fatal bites worldwide.

4. King Cobra (Ophiophagus Hannah)

It is the poisonous snake biggest that exists, and can reach (and even exceed) five meters in length. Its venom is not the strongest, but it has the ability to inoculate large quantities per bite, hence its lethality.

3. Philippine Cobra (Naja Naja Philippinensis)

Endemic to the Philippines, it is aggressive behavior and lives in dense jungle or open fields. It is used in the East by snake charmers because they respond well to visual cues.

2. Common Krait (Bungarus Caeruleus)

The species of the genus Bungarus they contain neurotoxic venom 16 times more powerful than that of a cobra. We can only find it in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

1. Taipan (Oxyuranus)

Finally, the gold medal it's for the genre Oxyuranus.

There are three subspecies: Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), the coastal (Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus) and the Papuan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni), all of them large, fast and very poisonous from Australasia (Australia, Melanesia and New Zealand).

The most toxic is the inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus). A single bite contains enough venom to kill 125 people.

Depending on the variables we look at, the black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis), the largest venomous snake in Africa, whose bite can kill 10 people.

I hope you have enjoyed or, at least, noted the sites where they come from in case any of them are “serpentophobe" or something like that.

Via | The reserve

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The news

The five most poisonous snakes in the world

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Xataka Science

by
Captain Tomato

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A group of researchers have scanned a natural spider web with a laser to capture 2D cross sections and then used computer algorithms to reconstruct the 3D spider web network.

The project's principal investigator at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) presented the work at the spring meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS).

Translation to music

The team assigned different sound frequencies to the strands, creating "notes" that combined into patterns based on the 3D structure of the spider web to generate melodies.

In Xataka Science

The largest spider in the world has a wingspan of up to 28 centimeters

Next, the researchers They created an instrument similar to a harp and played the spider web music at various live performances around the world.

The result can be heard here:

The team also made a virtual reality setup that allowed people to visually and audibly “enter” the spider web.

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The news

The structure of a spider web has been translated into music and this is what it sounds like

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

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According to a new study published in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, just left 3 percent of dry land.

Taking into account the loss of species from intact habitat, as well as the reduction in species populations, this percentage is drastically lower than previous assessments, which estimated it between 20% and 40%.

Intact habitat is increasingly being lost

As explained Andrew Plumptre from the Key Biodiversity Areas Secretariat in Cambridge, lead author of the study:

We know that intact habitat is being increasingly lost and the values of intact habitat have been demonstrated for both biodiversity and people, but this study found that much of what we consider intact habitat are lost species that have been hunted by people or that have been lost due to invasive species or disease.

In Xataka Science

As temperatures continue to rise, there will be more lightning in the Arctic

However, there is hope. The authors say that by 20% the planet's land surface could be restored to faunal integrity by reintroducing just a few species into the remaining intact habitat.

In Xataka Science

Cornucopians VS Malthusians: how to face a finite world in which there are more and more people?

Intact habitat has been shown to have important benefits for both wildlife and people and, as a result, should be a critical objective of the ongoing negotiations of the Convention on Biological Diversity following the 2020 global biodiversity framework. needs recognition of these special places within intact habitat, where there is full functional integrity, and plans to focus restoration in areas where ecological integrity could be restored.

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The news

Only between 2% and 3% of the Earth's emerged surface can it still be considered ecologically intact

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

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A new methodology, based on a subtle but significant increase in heat emissions over large areas of a volcano in the years before its eruption, can predict these events with enough margin in advance. This makes it possible to see that a volcano has reawakened, often long before the other signs appear.

The new method was developed using satellite data by scientists at NASA and the University of Alaska in Fairbanks.

Satellite data

For several types of volcanoes that have erupted in the past two decades, the study team analyzed 16 and a half years of radiant heat data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS). aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites.

In Xataka Science

We have the first evidence that there are not only volcanoes on Venus but that they are also active

Despite the differences between the volcanoes, the results were consistent: in the years before an eruption, the radiant surface temperature across much of the volcano rose about 1 degree Celsius above its normal state. It decreased after each eruption.

In particular, scientists believe that the increase in heat may result from the interaction between magma reservoirs and hydrothermal systems. As explained by the co-author from the study, Paul Lundgren from JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory):

In Xataka Science

Books that inspire us: 'Disasters: How Catastrophes Shape History', by Lucy Jones

Volcanoes are like a box of mixed chocolates: they may look similar, but inside there is a lot of variety between them and sometimes even within the same one. On top of that, only a few volcanoes are well monitored, and some of the most potentially dangerous volcanoes are the ones that erupt the least frequently, meaning historical records cannot be strictly relied upon.

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The news

This new method that detects signs of volcanic activity years before the eruptions

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

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A la hora de perder peso, no solo está en juego nuestro aspecto y adelgazar, también nuestra salud: el sobrepeso y la obesidad son factores de riesgo en muchas enfermedades graves, como la diabetes, los problemas cardiovasculares o el cáncer entre otras.

Por eso somos muchos los que nos esforzamos por encontrar un método asequible, fácil de incorporar a nuestro día a día y eficaz para quitarnos algunos kilos de grasa corporal.

En Directo al Paladar

Estos son los 11 alimentos que pensamos que son buenos para adelgazar, pero mejor que no estén en tu dieta

¿Podría caminar ser ese método? ¿Es posible perder peso incorporando una actividad sencilla como andar y sin necesidad de dieta? La respuesta es algo más compleja que un sí o un no. Caminar es de hecho una de las mejores formas de incorporar el ejercicio a tu vida cotidiana, pero por sí solo, es poco probable que te ayude a perder peso.

Caminar quema calorías

Empecemos por explicar que para adelgazar, es necesario que tu cuerpo queme más calorías de las que consume. Las calorías son la energía que el cuerpo necesita para llevar a cabo todas sus funciones, que te permiten moverte, respirar y pensar.

However, cada persona utiliza una cantidad de calorías diferentes. El total depende de tu edad, sexo, genética y de tu nivel diario de actividad física.

En nuestro estilo de vida actual, mayormente sedentario, incorporar actividad física a nuestras costumbres es en muchos casos un esfuerzo consciente. Caminar más puede ayudarte a conseguirlo,

Dependiendo de tu peso, sexo y edad, caminar a ritmo calmado 1.5 kilómetros quema alrededor de una 100 calorías. A study concluyó que personas no habituadas a hacer ejercicio que caminan unos 5 kilómetros a la hora (un ritmo ligero), queman unas 270 calorías a la hora.

Para aumentar las calorías quemadas, vale con acelerar el ritmo o caminar en zonas con pendientes.

En Vitónica

Entrenamiento en casa orientado a la pérdida de peso: una rutina con ejercicios sin material

Caminar quema grasa abdominal

Almacenar mucha grasa corporal alrededor de la cintura está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardíacas y diabetes. De hecho, un perímetro de cintura superior a 102 centímetros en hombres y a 88 centímetros en mujeres se denomina obesidad abdominal.

Una de las formas más efectivas de reducir la grasa abdominal es realizar de forma regular ejercicio aeróbico, como por ejemplo, caminar. En un pequeño estudio se observó que las mujeres obesas que caminaban entre 50 y 70 minutos tres veces a la semana durante 12 semanas redujeron de media su cintura unos 2,8 centímetros y perdieron un 1,5% de su grasa corporal.

another study observó que la gente con una dieta de calorías controladas que caminaba una hora cinco veces a la semana durante 12 semanas perdió 3,7 centímetros de cintura y 1,3% más de grasa corporal que las personas que solo siguieron la dieta para adelgazar.

En Directo al Paladar

Las mejores proteínas para adelgazar cuidando la salud del organismo

Caminar ayuda a mantener el nuevo peso

Mucha gente que consigue adelgazar tiene después problemas para mantener el nuevo peso. Para conseguirlo, hacer ejercicio con regularidad es crucial, algo que se puede conseguir precisamente caminando: andar no solo aumenta la actividad diaria, sino que ayuda también a crear más músculo, lo que a su vez ayuda a quemar más calorías incluso estando en reposo.

According to some studies, para mantener un peso estable lo más recomendable es caminar unos 150 minutos a la semana. Sin embargo, si has perdido mucho peso, es posible que necesites algo más, unos 200 minutos a la semana para evitar recuperarlo.

En Xataka Móvil

31 apps para perder peso y ponerte en forma tras los excesos navideños

¿Cuánto hay que caminar, y a qué ritmo, para adelgazar?

Si quieres incorporar esta actividad a tu día a día para perder peso, piensa que salir a dar un paseo con tu perro alrededor de la manzana está bien si tu nivel previo de actividad era nulo (un poco siempre es mejor que nada), pero que eso no es suficiente y que deberás ir aumentando el tiempo e intensidad del paseo si de verdad quieres notar sus efectos.

Lo ideal para perder peso es caminar como mínimo unos 150 minutos a la semana, en total 2 horas y media. Intenta caminar casi todos los días, y no te saltes más de uno seguido. Si quieres adelgazar, que seas consistente en tus nuevos hábitos es lo más importante. De nuevo, lo ideal es que cada sesión dure al menos unos 30 minutos.

El motivo es que durante los primeros 20-30 minutos de ejercicio, tu cuerpo recurre a los azúcares que haya en la sangre como combustible, y es a partir de ese momento cuando recurre a la grasa corporal para seguir manteniendo su nivel de actividad.

En cuanto al ritmo, intenta encontrar una velocidad que te mantenga entre el 60 y el 70% de tu frecuencia cardíaca máxima. Normalmente eso significa caminar a un ritmo ligero, de entre 5 y 6 kilómetros por hora (entre 3.000 y 4.500 pasos cada 30 minutos), pero puede variar según tu nivel habitual de actividad física.

En Directo al Paladar

17 mejores trucos de cocina para reducir las calorías de tus platos y lograr bajar de peso

¿Caminar sin dieta adelgaza?

Lamentamos decirte que, con toda probabilidad, no. Si bien hacer ejercicio y mantenerse activo es esencial para mantenerse sano y una gran ayuda a la hora de perder peso, la alimentación es la protagonista y la forma más eficaz de conseguirlo.

Como ya hemos dicho, perder peso depende del equilibrio entre las calorías que comes y las que quemas: las primeras deben ser menos que las segundas. Es lo que llamamos un déficit calórico, y es el único y verdadero secreto para quemar grasa corporal.

Esto quiere decir que ni caminar, ni correr ni ningún tipo de actividad física te ayudará a adelgazar si tu alimentación no tiene en cuenta la ingesta calórica y la sitúa por debajo de tus necesidades calóricas diarias. No hace falta que ese déficit sea muy acusado: debe ser lo suficientemente amplio como para que sus efectos se vayan dejando notar, aunque sea poco a poco, pero no tanto como para que pases hambre o tu cuerpo no pueda funcionar.

En resumen: caminar es una forma de ejercicio asequible y conveniente que puede ayudarte tanto a perder peso como a mantenerte después. Para conseguirlo, practícalo unos 150 minutos a la semana a buen ritmo, e intenta no saltarte nunca más de un día seguido. Eso sí, si quieres adelgazar, obligatoriamente tendrás que tener en cuenta también tu alimentación.

Imágenes | Unsplash
En Xataka Ciencia | Con estas dietas milagro perderás peso, pero a cambio de adelgazar hay un montón de efectos adicionales en tu cuerpo

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The news

Adelgazar andando: lo que nos dice la ciencia sobre perder peso sin dieta y caminando

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Rocío Pérez

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A team of scientists led by Associate Professor Isao Shitanda of Tokyo University of Science has just published A study describing a novel design for a biofuel cell array that uses a chemical in sweat, lactic acid, to generate enough energy to power a biosensor and wireless communication devices for a short period of time.

More power than previous designs

Their new biofuel cell matrix looks like a paper bandage that can be worn, for example, on the arm or forearm. It essentially consists of a water-repellent paper substrate on which multiple biofuel cells are placed in series and parallel; The number of cells depends on the output voltage and the power required.

In each cell, electrochemical reactions between lactic acid and an enzyme present on the electrodes produce an electric current, which flows into a general current collector made of a conductive carbon paste.

This not the first lactic acid-based biofuel cell, but a few key differences make this new design stand out. One is the fact that the entire device can be manufactured using screen printing, a technique generally suitable for cheap mass production. This was made possible by careful selection of materials and ingenious design. For example, while previous similar cells used silver wires as conductive paths, today's biofuel cells employ porous carbon ink.

In Xataka Science

The first wearable for babies that accurately monitors jaundice, something that affects the majority of newborns

Another advantage is the way lactic acid is delivered to the cells. The layers of paper are used to collect sweat and transport it to all cells simultaneously through the capillary effect, the same effect by which water travels quickly through a napkin when it comes into contact with a puddle of water.

They also transmit more energy: They could generate a voltage of 3.66 V and an output power of 4.3 mW.

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The news

Portable biofuel cells now produce electricity from lactic acid in sweat

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

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The virus's RNA, part of the genetic material within a virus, can persist up to a month in dust, according to a study carried out in rooms where patients with COVID-19 were isolated.

He study It did not evaluate whether the dust can transmit the virus to humans. However, it could offer another option for monitoring COVID-19 outbreaks in specific buildings.

Way to monitor buildings

For this study, the research team worked with teams responsible for room cleaning in the state of Ohio, where students who tested positive for COVID-19 were isolated.

In Xataka Science

The nose is very vulnerable to COVID-19 infection: do not wear the mask halfway

The study, published in mSystems magazine, found that some of the genetic material at the heart of the virus persists in the dust, although the envelope around the virus is likely to break down sooner.

They found genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the virus that causes COVID-19, in 97% of the dust samples.

In Xataka Science

The 76% of patients with COVID-19 still present symptoms six months after infection

The studio offers another non-invasive route to monitor buildings for COVID-19 outbreaks, especially as more people get vaccinated and return to common spaces.

Monitoring dust, then, could offer insight similar to that obtained when analyzing a city's wastewater.

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The news

Coronavirus RNA can persist for up to a month in room dust

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

.

According to a new study published in the magazine PLOS Biology, human screams can transmit many more things than fear, and are more acoustically diverse than previously thought.

Functional MRI Imaging

In the study, twelve participants were asked to vocalize positive and negative cries that could be triggered by various situations. A different group of individuals rated the emotional nature of the screams, classified the screams into different categories, and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to the screams.

In Xataka Science

This is the loudest land animal of all

The results revealed six types of psychoacoustically distinct screams, indicating pain, anger, fear, pleasure, sadness, and joy.

Perhaps most surprising was that the listeners responded more quickly and accurately, and with greater neural sensitivity, to positive and non-alarming screams than to alarming screams. Specifically, the less alarming screams elicited more activity in many auditory and frontal brain regions.

In Xataka Science

The biggest challenge if we find intelligent life on other planets will be understanding its language: Lincos could be a solution

According to the authors, these findings show that screams are more diverse in their communicative and signaling nature in humans than is often assumed.

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The news

Human screams not only communicate fear, but at least six different emotions

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

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