This vertebrate is different from all of them: it seems to have two different mitochondrial genomes

By portal-3

Este vertebrado es distinto a todos: parece tener dos genomas mitocondriales distintos

He Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, is a unique reptile found in New Zealand. A new research suggests that the species has two mitochondrial genomes.

Tuatara are the only species of the order Sphenodontia that has survived to the present day, virtually unchanged since the Mesozoic Era. The meaning of its common name comes from Maori and means "spiny back."

Tuatara

All animals have nuclear DNA found in the nucleus of the cell and mitochondrial DNA, located in the so-called cellular 'power plant', the mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or mitochondrial genome, therefore, is genetic material from the mitochondria, the elements of the cell that generate energy for it.

However, after analyzing existing tuatara DNA sequences and comparing them with DNA from other reptiles, they soon realized that the genome was not as incomplete as scientists initially thought. Actually, there were too many mysterious sequences and leftover DNA in the reptile's mitochondrial genome.

After an exhaustive study, thanks to new data from the entire sequenced genome, they identified a second complete mitochondrial genome that is a 10 % different from the 'typical' tuatara mitochondrial genome.

Although the discovery of a second mitochondrial genome was only confirmed in a single sample, its presence is still surprising. If scientists discover that double mitochondrial genomes are common in tuatara, they could use these multiple genomes to find out when each genome appeared and when it separated from the other. The research could help zoologists understand what exactly makes the species so genetically different from all other reptiles.


The news

This vertebrate is different from all of them: it seems to have two different mitochondrial genomes

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

.

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Quick choosing could be a strategy to avoid option overload, not a sign of greater security

By portal-3

La elección rápida podría ser una estrategia para evitar la sobrecarga de opciones, no una muestra de mayor seguridad

A streaming service, such as Netflix, can have an offer of titles close to 4,000. When it comes time to choose a movie, Are you more likely to make a decision quickly or carefully examine the possibilities?

Psychologists refer to those who search for something to arrive at an appropriate choice as 'satisficers'. Meanwhile, it is the 'maximizers' who search exhaustively for what could be considered the perfect option. The first seems like a healthier strategy, but a new study says otherwise (with a nuance).

Maximizers VS Satisfactorers

A new investigation from the University at Buffalo that measured cardiovascular responses at the time of making a decision, rather than after the fact, suggests that it is satisficers who feel unable to really choose, and what appears to be a quick certainty could be In fact a defense of having to think too much about the options presented to them.

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As explained Thomas Saltsman, lead author of the study:

We found evidence that, compared to maximizers, satisficers showed cardiovascular threat responses consistent with evaluating themselves as less able to manage their choice in the moment.

Saltsman says that satisficers may search minimally through their options not because they are less particular or simply care less about their choices than maximizers, but because they feel unable to choose between so many options.

Using a sample of 128 participants, the researchers first assessed everyone's decision-making style (maximization vs. satisfaction), before presenting them with 15 online personal profiles and accompanying cards with related biographical details. Participants had three minutes to choose their 'ideal' person or partner. Later, they reported their decision.

Unlike previous studies, the researchers measured cardiovascular responses to better understand the psychological experiences of the participants during their election.

The findings, published in the journal Psychophysiology, challenge traditional wisdom. The implications are relevant not only to everyday decision making, but also speak to how people approach important decisions.


The news

Quick choosing could be a strategy to avoid option overload, not a sign of greater security

was originally published in

Xataka Science

by
Sergio Parra

.

Read More