For lovers of mythology, the olive tree is Athena's gift with which he won from Poseidon the privilege of protecting the Athenians. For those who prefer history, it is a tree that humanity began to domesticate 70 centuries ago. But during those millennia, it had only managed to use the 20% of the fruit to extract oil. It was not until this century that it was possible to take advantage of the remains, which became polluting waste, to create high-value by-products: energy, food, feed, fertilizers, soaps, cosmetics and human and veterinary medicines. Technological processes consummate an ancient relationship with a tree that aspires to be considered world heritage.